Napoleon

. civilian leaders inside Directory. 1st. Consul in 3 person consulate, which was Authoritarian Republic. Passed new Written Const. called Plebiscite by majority vote.
 * Political || Economic || Religious || Social || Intellectual || Artistic ||
 * Overthrew the Directory with

Russian Invasion || Vatican forgot tithes after Concordat signed with Nap. Economic Warfare w/ Britain ...Continental System= forbade all imports of any English good through any European port. || Considered Religion as convenience. Considered himself free-thinker. Signed Concordat w/ Vatican ...Vatican could depose French Bishops Public Catholic worship permitted Catholic Seminaries also allowed in France. || Consulate Reforms France: Legal classes, hereditary offices, guilds, and manors abolished. Explicit salaries for high officials. Talent now earned jobs. Best jobs now went to best educated. Secondary schools prepared people for govt jobs and high paying professions. || -'careers open to talent' comes into effect - satisfying the bourgoise, and frustrated the old aristocracy as they know could not rely solely on status from birth. -Education becomes important and results in a higher social status and makes the average person more likely to succeed. || -Romanticism comes from French Revolution/Napoleonic Wars. -This style of art led to masterpieces of landscapes, tragic anti-heroes, scenes from the renaissance etc. -Orientalism springs up as well. ||